Scheduling and supervisory control
Scheduling and supervisory control techniques are essential to realize correct system operation and optimize performance in relation to other system-level concerns like product quality and accuracy. They need to be designed during system development but, often, schedules and control strategies can only be computed during system operation because only then are the full operating conditions and all system inputs known. Such on-line computations need to be done within strict time budgets and with the often limited processing resources available during system operation.
We identify three best practices related to scheduling and supervisory control. Based on models of system behavior, (template code for) schedulers and controllers can be synthesized. Those schedulers and controllers should optimize performance at runtime for varying system configurations and operating conditions. Runtime performance optimization through scheduling and control needs to account for various factors as well as the specific workloads being processed by the system. It also needs to deal with model-driven quality and resource management to cope with configuration and operational changes in general. Furthermore, it must consider the impact of control choices on all relevant system qualities and resources. Schedulers and controllers should guarantee performance by construction. For instance, a scheduler may guarantee a minimum productivity under varying operating conditions. Another example is a controller that minimizes energy usage at runtime taking into account operational information on energy usage while ensuring that the expected number of missed deadlines does not exceed 2%.
Peer-reviewed publications
Model-Based Systems Engineering for Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems - A Case Study in the Printer Domain; M. Hendriks, R. Doornbos, J. Voeten, T. Basten, H. Ara, J. Kandelaars, J. van Pinxten, E. Schindler: In preparation.
Publications in collaboration with Eindhoven University of Technology, focus on CPS
Compositional Specification of Functionality and Timing of Manufacturing Systems; B. van der Sanden, J. Bastos, J. Voeten, M. Geilen, M. Reniers, T. Basten, J. Jacobs, R. Schiffelers: In Forum on specification & Design Languages, FDL 2016, Proceedings, 2016.
Modular Model-Based Supervisory Controller Design for Wafer Logistics in Lithography Machines; B. van der Sanden, M. Reniers, M. Geilen, T. Basten, J. Jacobs, J. Voeten, R. Schiffelers: In ACM/IEEE 18th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, MODELS 2015, Proceedings, pages 416-425. Ottawa, Canada, 27 September - 2 October, 2015. IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, CA, USA, 2015.
Partial-Order Reduction for Supervisory Controller Synthesis; B. van der Sanden, M. Geilen, M. Reniers, T. Basten: In IEEE Transactions of Automatic Control, Vol 67, Issue 2, 2022
Parametric Scheduler Characterization; J. van Pinxten, M.C.W. Geilen, T. Basten: In ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems, ACM TECS. 18(5s), Article 110, October 2019. Special Issue ESWEEK 2019. Proc. EMSOFT 2019, 2019.
Online Scheduling of 2-Reentrant Flexible Manufacturing Systems; J. van Pinxten, U. Waqas, M.C.W. Geilen, T. Basten, L. Somers: In ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems, ACM TECS. 16(5s), Article 160, October 2017. Special Issue ESWEEK 2017. Proc. CODES+ISSS 2017, 2017.
Online Heuristic for the Multiobjective Generalized Traveling Salesman Problem; J. van Pinxten, M.C.W. Geilen, T. Basten, U. Waqas, L. Somers: In Design, Automation and Test in Europe, DATE 2016, Proceedings, pages 822-825, 2016.
Publications in collaboration with Eindhoven University of Technology, focus on multiprocessor scheduling
Communication Aware Multiprocessor Binding for Shared Memory Systems; S. Adyanthaya, M. Geilen, T. Basten, J. Voeten, R. Schiffelers: In Industrial Embedded Systems, 11th IEEE International Symposium, SIES 2016, Proceedings, pages 1-10, 2016.
Iterative Robust Multiprocessor Scheduling; S. Adyanthaya, M.C.W. Geilen, T. Basten, J. Voeten, R. Schiffelers: In 23rd International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems, Proceedings, pages 23-32, 2015.
Robustness Analysis of Multiprocessor Schedules; S. Adyanthaya, Z. Zhang, M. Geilen, J. Voeten, T. Basten, R. Schiffelers: In International Conference on Embedded Computer Systems: Architectures, Modeling, and Simulation, SAMOS XIV, Proceedings, pages 9-17, 2014.
Fast Multiprocessor Scheduling with Fixed Task Binding of Large Scale Industrial Cyber Physical Systems; S. Adyanthaya, M. Geilen, T. Basten, R. Schiffelers, B. Theelen, J. Voeten: In 16th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design: Architectures, Methods and Tools, DSD 2013, Proceedings, pages 979-988, 2013.